It is simply a variation of "Who, What, Where, and Why". Two years ago, the broker who introduced me to my airplane also gave me an acronym to help with communications ( I was getting "brain-freeze" over simple pattern/position announcements). It doesn't help when 2 or more of the acronyms become conflated with each other. Sometimes there are multiple acronyms for the same set of actions. Now, in my second iteration, acronyms abound and can be overwhelming. In my first iteration of aviation, there was only one acronym (GUMPS), and it didn't even involve communications. It seems that we often become more concerned with the style of our communications rather than its essence. My response doesn't cover all that you referred to, but maybe it will address one part. Example - Podunk ground, bugsmasher 234 west ramp, taxi west departure, with Zulu. Who you are, where you are, what do you want. If you departed VFR and outside the delta airspace, tower will sometimes say “frequency change approved” otherwise you don’t need permission to change frequency. With the latter two you will be told what frequency to change to. After that frequency changes depend on if you departing the airport VFR, IFR or VFR flight following. That might be the only example I can think of where you change a frequency when talking to a controller without first being told what frequency to change to. When you are ready to go, change to tower frequency. You will talk to them until you get to the runway. In particular the OP asked about towered operations. That doesn’t help with who to call in different basic situations.
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